In this experiment, the subject of measuring the physical quantities in an electrical circuit, like current, voltage and resistance, will be examined. Experiment number and date should be written in the appropriate place. Go to the file menu of pspice, choose new and give a file name. Save the harmonic analyzers screen by printing it to a pdffile.
In this experiment, the circuit characteristics of resistors in series and parallel will be investigated. Put sufficient water in a calorimeter to cover the heating coil. Resistor r limits the circuit current to a suitable value for the zener diode and ujt. Lc, rc, and lcr filter circuits in this experiment we will measure the gain and the phase shift of some simple. This circuit turns on the lights at the portico, car parking or other areas when a motorbike or car enters through the gate to cross the sensing area. Elec 2210 experiment 1 basic digital logic circuits.
Capacitors a capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field. Bode plots of firstorder lowpass filters include one capacitor display the following. Learning electronic theory is all well and good, but like most real tasks, electronics is 20% theory and 80% practice. Your job is to plan and build the circuit correctly so the current moving electrons can be used to do the jobs you want done along the way. The inductor is based on the principle of inductance that moving charges create a magnetic eld the reverse is also true a moving magnetic eld creates an electric eld.
Thus, you are measuring the voltage of the resistor in an rc circuit. For the first halfcycle a, d2 is cut off and dl conducts, so that v, equals approximately 170 volts dc. Circuits laboratory experiment 3 ac circuit analysis. The circuit will be called a positive clamper, when the signal is pushed upward by the circuit. At very low frequencies, capacitor c will be an open circuit, and virtually no current will flow through the circuit. First, the generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption of electric energy occur under essentially sinusoidal steadystate conditions. However, underlying all of these systems at a fundamental level is the operation of dc circuits. Circuits laboratory experiment 5 circuits containing inductance 5. Richard feynman 19181988 objectives to observe free and driven oscillations of an rlc circuit. You will learn how to use the idl800 bit bucket breadboarding system to build circuits using common logic gates.
As we might have expected, this exceeds the source voltage by a substantial amount and the phase shift is the reason for it. Introduction to electronics xvi 1 i use the word supposedly because, in my view, the official rewards for textbook authoring fall far short of what is appropriate and what is achievable through an equivalent. These include as buffers on large transmission lines to reduce energy surges, on a smaller scale. Experiments for first year electrical engg lab 201516.
Resistive elements are not connected in series or parallel. The coordinator may supervise the format of the final exam for. The analysis of a clamper can be quickly checked by simply noting whether the peaktopeak voltage of the output signal is the same as the peaktopeak voltage o f the applied signal. Circuit for rc chargedischarge measurement where vt is the sensor used to measure the potential difference across the capacitor as a function of time. Is the equivalent resistance, r eq, of a series circuit greater than or less than any individual resistor. The capacitance was varied and the periods of the oscillations were used to determine the inductance in the circuit. As a single, lumped element, inductors find many uses. Behavioral voltage and current sources experimental bipolar junction transistors bjts.
Switch on the dc voltage supply, adjust the voltage to any. For this circuit, we will assign experimental values as follows. Before conducting the experiment, the student is required to have read the experiment background and procedure from the experiment manual and studied the related theory. In this circuit, the resistance includes every known resistance r in the circuit, which can come from the internal resistance of the generator, the resistance of the inductor, and any real resistors connected. Simple dc circuits 1 introduction this lab will allow you to acquire handson experience with the basic principles of simple electric circuits.
To experimentally determine the resonance frequency in a series rlc circuit and compare this to the expected resonance value. However, at intermediate frequencies, both x c and x l will be moderate, and the difference between them will be small. Ece 2120 electrical engineering laboratory ii clemson university. Be careful when measuring the voltage of the different elements in your. To study the variation in current and voltage in a series lcr circuit. The purpose of this experiment was to observe and measure the transient response of rlc circuits to external voltages. Construct a circuit using resistors, wires and a breadboard from a circuit diagram. To study the operation of ujt firing circuit for scr. Theory inductors and capacitors resistors r, inductors l and capacitors c are passive components commonly used in ac electrical circuits.
Tolerance is a percent rating, showing how much the actual resistance could vary from. Experiments for first year electrical engg lab 201516 dept of electrical engineering, shri ramdeobaba college of engineering and management, nagpur 4400 india page 3 procedure. Any circuit simulation is only as accurate as the model provided to the simulator. Experiment 10 rlc series circuit resonance in an rlc series circuit objective. The dc analysis of a series resistance circuit should support ohms law and the formula for total resistance in a series circuit. This page contains some notes about how various circuit elements are modeled which may be useful for advanced users of circuitlab. It enables the students to gain sufficient knowledge on the programming and simulation of electrical circuits, outcomes. The capacitor is connected in a circuit with a variablefre. Circuits laboratory experiment 3 ac circuit analysis 3. In figure 1, all of the current flowing from the battery must also flow through the resistors r. This occurs at a single frequency known as resonant frequency. Lab 7 lr circuits introduction the english physicist michael faraday found in 1831 that when the current through a coil changes, the coil produces a changing magnetic field in addition to the field of the changing current, which induces an electromotive force emf in the coil itself.
Making a circuit experiments steve spangler science. Switch on the power and simultaneously start the stopwatch. A companion course to ece 2620 electrical circuits ii. Wiring checklist indicates same position as last experiment. Insert red battery wire or positive power supply into hole j4 and black battery wire or negative power supply ground into hole 3. Also if the amperage of the circuit decreases then the resistance of the overall circuit must increase. However, since we have swapped the resistor and the capacitor, the grounds are at the same point in the circuit. Physics 215 experiment 11 series and parallel circuits. An inductor l is an important component of circuits, on the same level as resistors r and. The experiments in this laboratory exercise will provide an introduction to digital electronic circuits.
A circuit containing a resistor, a capacitor, and an inductor is called an rlc circuit or lcr, as. Lcr circuit series and parallel psbrahmacharys blog. The purpose of this experiment is to study the behavior of the current and voltages in an. Select save screen image to save a bit mapped graphics file that can be. At very high frequencies, inductor l will be an open circuit, and again no current will flow. The purpose of lab experiment is to continue to build circuit construction skills using different circuit element. Practical capacitor values usually lie in the picofarad 1 pf 1012 f to microfarad 1 f 106 f range. An inductor shown in figure1a is usually constructed as a coil of. The lab instructor may, during the experiment, ask students questions pertaining to the procedure and theory. The circuit should reach steady state very quickly, in much less than one second. Ac circuits rlc circuit introduction an inductor l is an important component of circuits, on the same level as resistors r and capacitors c. Clamping circuits, however, set either the positive or negative. It also aims to introduce matlab a circuit simulation software tool. This experiment is intended to give the student a quick exposure to the laboratory equipment which will be used in this course.
This laboratory manual for ac electrical circuit analysis, by james m. A network is in resonance when the voltage and current at the network input terminals are in phase and the input. Believing that science and the scientific method of problem solving should play a significant role in any. This is a rejector circuit, that means it rejects the current or allows minimum current to. Rlc circuits it doesnt matter how beautiful your theory is, it doesnt matter how smart you are. Record the experimental inductor voltage in table 1. The time that your dome lights inside your car stay on after you turn o your cars ignition at night is one example of how a capacitor can be used to. Bme 311 electric circuits lab jordan university of science and. Under clipping action, the shape of the input waveform is changed. In order to temporarily construct a circuit without damaging the components used to build it. If the experiment had been repeated with frequencies 10 times higher than those in. A particular circuit will first be analyzed theoretically and then. A clamp circuit adds the positive or negative dc component to the input signal so as to push it either on the positive side, as illustrated in figure a or on the negative side, as illustrated in figure b. Just because a circuit works in a simulation does not mean it will work in real life.
To analyze this type of circuit, it should first be simplified reduced to an equivalent resistor, req. On the next half cycle b, the positive voltage is replaced by a negative voltage, so d2 conducts and dl is cut off. These circuits consist of discrete resistors and light bulbs that are connected to a dc power supply using conducting wires. Voltage doublers are an easy and inexpensive way to. The measurements will be compared with theoretical calculations of the same quantities. Parallel resonant circuit figure2 is one in which one branch consists of an inductor l with associated resistor r and the other branch consists of a capacitor c. The main idea i obtained from this lab was that if the amperes of a circuit increases, then the resistance of that circuit must decrease. Rc circuits 3 figure 5 also records the voltage over the resistor. Build a series circuit and a parallel circuit using the materials listed before as shown in the figure. Circuits laboratory experiment 1 dc circuits measurement and analysis 1. It is used mainly to control current and voltage within the circuit. For each of the three resistor values you are using, note the tolerance rating.
Rc circuits 2 two circuit elements are in series if all of the current flowing through one also flows through the other. Also, compute and record the percent deviation between experimental and theory in table 1. A series rlc circuit this lab will let you learn the characteristics of both amplitude and phase of a series rlc circuit. Introduction to digital electronics lab nomenclature of digital ics, specifications, study of the. Rc circuits introduction capacitors are used in timing circuits in many devices. The voltage through an rlc series circuit will be measured as a function of frequency for a fixed applied voltage. Ac circuits rlc circuit introduction an inductor l is an important component of circuits, on the same level as resistors r and the. This need has provided the impetus for the production of the present 700 science experiments for everyone. Insert the led into holes g20 and g21 flat side goes into g21.
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